9月13日【水科学讲坛】第60讲：比利时根特大学Diego Miralles教授学术报告通知

报告人简介：

Dr. Diego Miralles is (full) Professor in Hydrology and Climate at Ghent University, Belgium. His research career started in 2009 at the Hydrology and Remote Sensing Laboratory of the USA Department of Agriculture (USDA, Washington D.C.). His original work focused on satellite retrievals of soil moisture and land–atmosphere fluxes. This work resulted in his PhD thesis: 'Evaporation in the Global Water Cycle: Analysing Land Evaporation Using Satellite Observations' (VU Amsterdam, 2011). It embraced the challenge to develop GLEAM, a global retrieval model of terrestrial evaporation solely based on satellite data which has been used in thousands of applications since then, ranging from agricultural studies to climate model benchmarking. In 2011, he moved to a faculty position as Lecturer at the University of Bristol (UK). His research expanded to embrace global ecohydrology and remote sensing, and yielded several articles in high-impact journals. In 2015, he became again affiliated to the VU Amsterdam and took an external professor position at Ghent University, where he became tenured in 2017. Over the past 10 years, his research team at Ghent University has consolidated as a lead research unit on the study of Climate Hydrology. This was enabled thanks to personal grants from the European Research Council (ERC) and the Dutch Scientific Council (NWO), and his leading role in projects from the European Space Agency (ESA), Horizon 2020, and the Belgian Federal Science Police Office (BELSPO), among others. At the present he is board member in GCOS and the Boussinesq Centre of Hydrology. His core scientific interests remain on the understanding of our hydrosphere as part of the Earth's global system, impacted by anthropogenic emissions and land use change, but also regulating a number of positive and negative feedbacks on climate. Overall, his research team aims to understand how the hydrosphere, biosphere and climate interact and the implications for current and future societies; specific emphasis is frequently on drought and heatwave events due to their devastating impact on socioeconomic and natural systems. He currently holds a prestigious ERC Consolidator grant, has (co)authored over 150 articles over the past 10 years, and is a Highly Cited Researcher according to Web of Science.

报告简介：

Land conditions, and vegetation in particular, play a fundamental role in shaping Earth's energy, water, and carbon cycles. Vegetation consumes significant water resources through transpiration and interception, regulates atmospheric CO2 concentration, alters surface roughness, and determines both net radiation and its partitioning. This influence propagates through the atmosphere, from micro-climate scales to the atmospheric boundary layer, subsequently impacting meso-scale and large-scale circulation, as well as the planetary transport of heat and moisture. Understanding the feedbacks between land and atmosphere across scales is crucial for predicting hydro-climatic extremes, such as droughts or heatwaves. It is believed that the compound occurrence of these events has been exacerbating in recent decades, partly due to the influence of climate change and land use on key land–atmosphere feedbacks that regulate them. While this finding is concerning, it also opens the door to improve (sub-)seasonal predictions and to leverage land geoengineering as a tool to mitigate extremes occurrence.

This presentation will explore the complex feedbacks between land and atmosphere, particularly focusing on extreme events like droughts and heatwaves, which cause direct societal impacts, agricultural loss, forest mortality, and water scarcity. Key questions will be addressed: How do extreme meteorological conditions impact ecosystem evaporation? In what ways does vegetation regulate the atmospheric boundary layer, affecting the intensification and propagation of these extremes? How do these biophysical feedbacks contribute to the inflow of heat and moisture to downwind regions, potentially leading to the propagation of extreme events? What are the consequences of land feedbacks for human heat stress during extreme events? How can information on land conditions be used for the timely prediction of these events? The goal of this presentation is not to provide definitive answers to these questions, but rather to present new results from my team’s work that may help advance our collective understanding of land feedbacks and the role they play in climate.

9月19日【水科学讲坛】第61讲：澳大利亚技术与工程院院士Helen Cleugh教授学术报告通知

报告人简介：

Dr Helen Cleugh is an atmospheric scientist whose career has spanned research discovery, delivery and leadership. She completed her PhD at the University of British Columbia in Canada, became a Lecturer at Macquarie University in 1987, and worked in CSIRO as a Research Scientist from 1994 to 2022. She is currently an Honorary Professor at the Australian National University. Dr Cleugh is a Fellow of both the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering (ATSE) and the Australian Meteorological Society (AMOS). She was a member of the World Climate Research Programme’s Joint Scientific Committee from 2015, and Vice Chair from 2019, until 2023. Dr Cleugh was inaugural Director of CSIRO's Climate Science Centre from 2017 to 2020 and, for over a decade prior, she was a senior leader of CSIRO’s climate and atmospheric research. Her leadership roles including building collaborations within CSIRO and nationally, including national research infrastructure for terrestrial observations (NCRIS TERN and OzFlux) and Earth System Models (NCRIS ACCESS-NRI). Her research explores the influence of land-air interactions on climate, carbon uptake and water availability, and how this affects carbon and water resource management, environmental outcomes, and climate. Her research has provided data, information and knowledge for resource managers, urban planners, and decision and policymakers.

报告简介：

Land surface evaporation, the water used in evapotranspiration, along with the net uptake of carbon in terrestrial ecosystems, plays a key role in influencing the climate locally, across regions and globally. These feedbacks between the land, atmosphere, climate and hydrology are profoundly important in a diverse range of applications, from planning cities to adapt to and mitigate climate change; to managing water resources and planning for water availability under a changing climate; to developing nature-based solutions to de-carbonising the economy; to improving weather and climate models.

As I will show, these topics have been an enduring theme throughout my career of research, as an atmospheric and climate scientist, and research leader. Drawing on this experience, my presentation will firstly review land surface evaporation, its various definitions, and measurement and modelling approaches. I will then illustrate the critical importance of land surface evaporation across a range of practical applications, such as urban planning, improving agricultural productivity, catchment water availability and climate change. Given this, I will then reflect on some of the “grand research challenges and opportunities” that have the potential to transform our knowledge of land surface evaporation and our ability to utilise this information.

9月25日【水科学讲坛】第62讲：江苏大学张德胜教授学术报告通知

报告人简介：

张德胜，博士，教授，国家杰出青年科学家基金项目获得者、教育部高层次特聘教授。主要从事水力机械设计理论及水动力学研究，先后主持国家自然科学基金联合重点项目、面上项目、国家重点研发计划课题等项目20余项。担任《水动力学研究与进展》副主编、《排灌机械工程学报》常务副主编、《Journal of Hydrodynamics》执行编委，中国水利学会泵及泵站专业委员会委员、江苏南水北调泵站技术创新联盟副理事长等。发表学术论文120余篇，授权美国、英国、中国发明专利50余件。研究成果得到了南水北调工程、“一带一路”重大泵站工程应用和示范，获省部级科技进步一等奖、二等奖4项。

报告简介：

南水北调东线工程是世界上规模最大的低扬程泵站群，围绕国家重大工程建设需要，构建了低扬程泵非线性环量设计理论和技术体系，成功研制了代表我国最高水平的三大系列高性能水力模型，成为南水北调、全国泵站工程的首选模型，自主研发了大型低扬程泵站高性能水泵机组成套装备，成功应用于南水北调工程。

9月27日：浙江理工大学窦华书教授学术报告通知

报告人简介：

窦华书，博士，浙江理工大学二级教授，博士生导师，浙江省引进海外高层次人才特聘教授。研究方向为流动稳定性和湍流，燃烧与爆轰，计算流体力学，激波与边界层干扰，热力叶轮机械，非牛顿流动，多相流动等。在国际会议上作邀请报告30余次，被国内外相关著名大学特邀讲学70余次。发表SCI收录论文80余篇，授权发明专利43项；由国际著名出版社Springer出版专著二部。曾获得过国家机械部科技进步二等奖，国家航空总公司科技进步二等奖，国家自然科学奖三等奖，清华大学清华之友优秀青年教师二等奖等。现为中国海洋工程学会常务理事、中国力学学会激波与激波管专委会委员、中国工程热物理学会流体机械专委会委员，美国航空航天学会AIAA Associate Fellow，国家科技部国际合作项目及平台评审专家，在多所著名大学和科研机构担任兼职教授。

报告简介：

湍流是国际上公认的物理学、数学和力学难题。虽然此课题的研究已经经历了140年的历史，但是湍流产生的物理原因至今仍不清楚。窦华书教授经过30多年的艰苦努力，提出了能量梯度理论，成功地解决了湍流产生的问题。首次发现，湍流转捩和湍流产生是由速度间断所导致的Navier-Stokes方程的奇点所引起( Spikes and Burst)，而完全发展的湍流由流场中无数的奇点所组成，理论得到了大量实验数据及DNS结果的验证。对转捩流动和湍流流动，同时用能量梯度理论和泊松方程分析两种不同的方法，精确地证明了Navier -Stokes方程不存在全局域上连续的光滑解。能量梯度理论已经被应用于研究若干流体力学问题的Canonical problems的流动稳定性及湍流转捩问题。研究成果应国际著名出版社Springer邀请，于2022年出版了500页的专著《湍流的起源—能量梯度理论》，出版2年多来，下载量45000次，在Springer排名第一。

发布时间：2024.9.30